A685

The A685 is a mid-length A road in the north of England, running from Kendal to Brough. From Kendal, it is one of three A roads (alongside the A6 and A684) which provides a route to the M6 northbound. East of the M6 at Junction 38 it carries long-distance traffic to the A66 at Brough (and hence the A1 at Scotch Corner), although this section is subject to an HGV ban due to the steep inclines through the Yorkshire Dales National Park, and narrow streets of Kirkby Stephen. Prior to the early 1990s the whole route was primary, and a trunk road east of the M6, but primary status has been removed west of the M6 and trunk status removed east of the M6, to reflect its rural character passing through two National Parks.

Section 1:Kendal - Tebay

The road branches off the A6 just outside Kendal town centre at Longpool. For a short while it runs parallel to the A6 passing the auction mart and Morrisons before turning east and starting the climb up to Grayrigg, crossing over the West Coast Main Line twice.

After Grayrigg we skirt round the side of the fell known as Whinfell Beacon (not to be confused with Whinfell Forest near Penrith, the site of the Center Parcs Oasis holiday village complex), meeting the B6257 which connects to the A684 near Sedbergh. This junction marks the beginning of the Lune Gorge which both the M6 and WCML run through also. It has been described as the most beautiful stretch of countryside that the motorway network passes through.

The hills on the opposite side of the gorge, partly within the Yorkshire Dales, are known as the Howgill Fells; this name was invented by early Ordnance Survey map makers as they realised there was no collective name for the group and they connect the Pennines with the Cumbrian Mountains.

Across the Lune Valley

After crossing the Borrow Beck, the M6 and the railway once more, the road reaches the top end of the gorge and the straggling railway village of Tebay, once an important railway junction with lines from Yorkshire and County Durham meeting the WCML here but now better known for its award-winning motorway service areas a mile north of the village. The road formerly went straight on here but now branch left at an almost TOTSO junction and meet the M6 at J38. To keep on the A685 we have to TOTSO here as the road that carries straight on from the roundabout is the B6260 to Orton and Appleby.

Section 2:Tebay - Brough

Ravenstonedale bypass

Between Tebay and Newbiggin-on-Lune the road is built on top of the former tracks of the South Durham and Lancashire Union Railway, or the Stainmore line, which at its time was England's highest line. The increased quality of the road is obvious. The road carries on (now primary) along Lunesdale, crossing its original route at Gaisgill and then (after leaving the railway alignment) bypassing the villages of Newbiggin and Ravenstonedale, till we start the climb up Ash Fell which marks the boundary between the Lune and Eden valleys. At the foot of Ash Fell on the eastern side we meet the A683 (former B6258) from Sedbergh then pass under the Settle-Carlisle railway at Kirkby Stephen station which curiously is over a mile from Kirkby itself (little wonder it used to be Kirkby Stephen West). The South Durham railway also had a station at Kirkby; this was actually in the town and is now on a short heritage railway.

Kirkby Stephen like many similar places in the Pennines is never sure if its a town or a village though I think the parish council does now call itself a town council. Regarding the bypass that should have been built around Kirkby Stephen a little history is interesting. In the 1960s many properties were demolished in the town to facilitate traffic flow. Before this attempt to make room for traffic in the town was complete someone in Westmorland County Council realised that knocking down even more buildings was not an option and a bypass was proposed. The Kirkby Stephen bypass went onto Cumbria County Council's (formed in 1974) TPP list and should have been started in 1997 / 98 after the completion of the Stavely bypass. However when Labour gained control of Cumbria County Council in May 1997 they removed the Kirkby Stephen Bypass from the TPP list and concentrated on the Carlisle Norther Bypass instead. The vast majority of the public in Kirkby Stephen supported the bypass and there was uproar when it was cancelled. A 18 tonne weight restriction and traffic calming measures were put in place. These have been a failure as the high number of accidents shows. Also the weight restriction is very economically and environmentally damaging as it causes HGVs to make a significant detour. Kirkby Stephen is frequently traffic jammed especially when there are problems on the A66.The bypass ,if it had been built, would have run from the A683 junction near the station to the B6259 junction at the north end of the town and would have no doubt been part of the A685 - but the local tradespeople were against this, even though one house near the Market Place had had its windows and walls broken down by passing vehicles at least 4 times during the 1980s and 1990s. Instead of a bypass, therefore, an HGV ban was placed between Brough and Tebay thus resulting in the road being detrunked. The road is therefore a quick, high-quality road with little traffic, except through Kirkby itself where there is a 3-way set of traffic lights at one point.

After Kirkby the road bypasses Winton then goes through Brough Sowerby and Church Brough where it meets the A66. Brough village itself (formerly Market Brough or Brough-under-Stainmore) is on the other side of the A66 and must be one of the smallest primary route destinations in Britain. The A685 goes under the A66 and mutates into the B6276 - the slip roads up to the A66 are easy to miss. The proposed route of the Kirkby Stephen bypass was on at least one road atlas of the mid-1990s shown as a projected or under construction route. I would like to also point out that the reason I have called Kirkby Stephen just as simply Kirkby is that is because that is how the place is known locally despite there being two other Kirkbys in Westmorland, or 3 if you include Kendal whose ancient name was indeed Kirkby Kendal.